SOCCIS CELEBRATES THIRTY YEARS OF SERVICE TO LOS ANGELES AND
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1972-2002

Letters: Dr. Carlos Haro and Dr. Maurice Harari

Commemoration Presentations: Dr. Carlos Haro, Professor Christopher Key Chapple, Dr. Joyce Kaufman, and Dr. Richard Gunde

Deciding that there was need for an ongoing inter-campus mechanism to allow institutional representatives to confer and coordinate support for international education in the region, a group of educators formed The Southern California Consortium on International Studies (SOCCIS) in 1972. SOCCIS is a voluntary association of public and private colleges and universities that coordinates and shares resources to further international studies in Southern California. The first SOCCIS Steering Committee included representatives from USC, the CSUC System, UC EAP, Occidental College, the Claremont Graduate School, and UCLA. Since its inception, the SOCCIS Executive Office has been headquartered at UCLA, with Carlos Manuel Haro, Assistant Dean of International Studies and Overseas Programs, serving as consortium Executive Officer since 1984. Membership currently stands at nineteen institutions. Each member contributes resources for SOCCIS-sponsored programs. SOCCIS associates include:

California State University System: Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Northridge, Pomona, San Bernardino, and San Diego.

Private Universities and Colleges: Loyola Marymount, Occidental College, Pepperdine University, University of Judaism, University of Southern California, Whittier College.

University of California: Los Angeles, Santa Barbara

Two-Year Colleges: South Orange County Community College District, Santa Monica College, California Colleges for International Education (a consortium of California Community Colleges)

Thirty years after the consortium's founding, SOCCIS continues to strengthen institutional commitments to both international and area studies in Southern California through the various activities it facilitates and sponsors. SOCCIS actively advances the network of international education administrators and faculty in the region. It also encourages institutional and faculty commitments to an "internationalized" curriculum. In addition, the consortium provides the means by which to enhance faculty teaching capabilities in international and area studies through seminars, workshops, and summer institutes. Most of these activities are open to the general public. In keeping with its mission and goals, SOCCIS supports statewide and national efforts to strengthen international and area studies. Finally, SOCCIS works to improve the level of public awareness and understanding of diverse peoples, other cultures, and international events.

Please refer to the SOCCIS web site www.isop.ucla.edu/soccis for expanded information on the consortium. Additional reporting on SOCCIS is available at the ISOP web site, www.isop.ucla.edu/, by clicking on Outreach, and scrolling to the bottom to click on the following link: SOCCIS LAUNCHES PROGRAM IN CUBA AS IT MARKS 3 DECADES OF INTERCAMPUS PARTNERSHIP.

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REFLECTIONS ON THE 30th YEAR OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONSORTIUM FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - SOCCIS, 1972-2002

Carlos Manuel Haro, Ph.D.
SOCCIS Executive Officer

People, decisions, and institutions have shaped SOCCIS' significant contributions to international education over the last thirty years. During 2002, SOCCIS celebrates the thirtieth anniversary of its founding, but a longer history of activities and networking lead to the establishment of this valuable consortium.

Between 1960 and 1961, the adoption of the California Master Plan on Higher Education and the founding of the Peace Corps focused the attention of California universities on different world regions. At UCLA, the work of Chancellor Charles E. Young and the reorganization of various school administrations created an expansion in international area studies centers devoted to specific geographic areas. By the early 1970s, southern California postsecondary institutions had developed cooperative relationships for a wide range of goals. UCLA Vice Chancellor of Institutional Relations Elwin Svenson's role in international studies and Professor David Wilson's efforts to further international and comparative studies in higher education were instrumental in both organizing the postsecondary education community and establishing SOCCIS in 1972. Their initiatives were followed at UCLA by the contributions of Professors James S. Coleman, during the 1980s, and John N. Hawkins, during the 1990s, to strengthen international studies and foster collegial cooperation through the consortium. These UCLA administrators and their numerous counterparts at SOCCIS member campuses helped form and expand the concept of SOCCIS regionally.

By the mid-1970s and the early evolution of the consortium, SOCCIS' administrative structure included many working groups with an international and area studies focus. The faculty and staff involved wanted to share and commit their institutional resources to enhance international education in the spirit of collaboration. The late 1970s was also a period of strengthened cooperation between SOCCIS and area studies centers in southern California. Consequently, there was a broad range of consortium activities: some dealt with the identification of international studies resources at each campus; others involved scholarly groups dealing with area studies; and still others focused either on international students and study abroad or on internationalization of the curriculum and faculty development. Membership in the voluntary association grew over time from the seven original member institutions in 1972 to a high of 22 colleges in the late 1980s. The focus on international, comparative, and foreign studies at various campuses also broadened. In the 1990s, SOCCIS firmly set in place a foundation by which institutions and faculty could easily work together and draw upon each other's resources. It is now common to have faculty and staff from several campuses plan and implement programs dealing with international and area studies. When one campus plans an international conference or seminar, it routinely reaches out beyond the walls of its own institution. Scholars from different institutions are usually invited to present at and participate in numerous inter-campus programs. This collegial environment was built and molded by key individuals, substantive events, and organizational interaction during the three decades of SOCCIS.

SOCCIS' main purpose has been to advance international studies through collaboration. SOCCIS has aided in internationalization at individual campuses in a variety of ways. Cooperative relations with area studies centers have engendered National Resource (Title VI) Centers at UCLA and USC that reach out and interact with other southern California universities; shared courses for students, including language courses; programs like senior faculty mentoring that bring faculty from different schools together; and co-sponsorship of different conferences, colloquia, and seminars of interest to other institutions.

More specifically, SOCCIS has continued to enhance its focus on international studies. This is reflected in increased accessibility to online information related to SOCCIS; enriched meetings of scholars that produce books, theatre works and art exhibits, and conferences with an international dimension; more partnering opportunities with different departments, institutions, and non-university agencies; and the internationalization of the curriculum.

Further internationalization of the curriculum is a primary goal for SOCCIS. Currently, the consortium is actively involved in finding new ways to reach out, to dialogue, and to involve institutions. Outreach programs whose past participants are not only mentors in K-12 schools but also resources and contacts for the university; colloquiums that expand intellectual exchange; and the incorporation of technology through online seminars, video conferencing, center websites, media training, and internet connections between universities and the school districts all point to a promising direction for SOCCIS in the future.

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Dr. Maurice Harari
Secretary General Emeritus
International Association of University Presidents

October 18, 2001

Happy Anniversary SOCCIS:

Warmest congratulations and many happy returns to SOCCIS and its many loyal supporters, past and present. What has been accomplished by SOCCIS in the last thirty years in the area of international education has been not only invaluable to its institutional participants and a multitude of faculty and students, but also serves as a model of cooperation which could well be emulated in different parts of the country. The international programs of our institutions were substantially enriched through the various activities of SOCCIS.
I had the privilege of serving as the first Chair of the SOCCIS Standing Committee on Internationalization of the Curriculum for three years (1983-1986) but continued to serve on that Committee through the end of 1992 during the remainder of my service as Dean of the Center for International Education at California State University Long Beach. During this period I conducted numerous workshops and other activities on internationalization of the curriculum and other aspects of international education on the CSULB campus to which the members of SOCCIS were invited and contributed on panels or otherwise. My institution also benefited from my participation and that of my colleagues in the activities hosted by other member campuses of SOCCIS. The general coordination provided by UCLA for several SOCCIS activities has been superb and Dr. Carlo Haro is particularly to be commended for his leadership role in the organization.
Above all, SOCCIS provided an international education "locus" with a strong commitment to an international education "ethos" consisting of a group of highly dedicated and competent colleagues with whom trends, programs and opportunities in international education could be discussed and often acted upon for the benefit of all concerned. The congenial atmosphere provided by SOCCIS was easily translated in very positive program cooperation. May it continue for an indefinite future.

With my warmest greetings and good wishes,

Maurice Harari

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COMMEMORATION OF THE 30TH YEAR OF SOCCIS

PRESENTATIONS AT A MEETING OF THE SOCCIS STEERING
COMMITTEE, NOVEMBER 1, 2001, AT UCLA

Comments by Carlos Manuel Haro, SOCCIS Executive Officer

This morning I'm very pleased to have two very important people at UCLA in the realm of international studies. Vice Chancellor - Institutional Relations, Emeritus, Dr. Elwin Svenson, is both a mentor and a friend of many years. He will be speaking about SOCCIS in its early formative period. For the present we have Professor Geoffrey Garrett, the newly appointed Vice Provost of International Studies and Overseas Programs here at UCLA, and some on campus are talking about him as being the new Sven. Professor Garrett is now responsible for the research centers and the international studies academic programming at UCLA.

Comments by Professor Geoffrey Garrett, Vice Provost of International Studies and
Overseas Programs, UCLA

I had to make a presentation to a group of UCLA donor/volunteers the other day and for that I was asked to explain what ISOP/international studies was, so I organized my remarks around three questions. What is international studies, what is ISOP, and where is ISOP headed. First, with respect to what is ISOP, there are three large activities I'm responsible for: centers and research-based activity, the second is international disciplines and programs, and the third is study abroad. At a very broad level I think they have to be integrated much more coherently than they have in the past, and there is an opportunity now to take this step.

Obviously, living in the world today, you can never get away from the events of September 11th. The pitch that I've been giving on that score with respect to international studies is that I think there have been three epochs of international studies in the U.S. The first one is the one we're all very familiar with, the Cold War model, when there was funding for area studies and the study of international conflict, for all the obvious reasons. Then the world changed, epoch 2, in 1990/1991 with the end of the Cold War. In many ways I think it was a very intellectually liberating experience because people got to think more broadly and ambitiously about thematic issues that crossed area boundaries. Everything was thought of not just as interdisciplinary, but interregional. However, I think it's also true that one thing that happened in the 1990s in this country and in universities was that it was a very comfortable and self-satisfied decade. All the big problems in the world had gone away, and therefore at an intellectual level we were much freer to think creatively about doing international work. In a sense, there was a growing disconnect between what universities did and the real world.

So the social sciences and the humanities, both of which made very big comparative and thematic moves in the 1990s, became increasingly inward-looking, esoteric, and not connected to the real world. Academics were studying these fields in ways that people in the world could not understand. There were heightened barriers between the academy and the real world. And so that is why I think we are in epoch 3, because one thing that is clearly going on post-9/11 is that people are looking to universities to have something to say. I think that is both an opportunity and a responsibility for us. The opportunity is the fact that we collectively have the attention of the country in a way that is probably without precedent. Physical threat to the homeland is a real difference. It might be the case that international conflict has been fundamentally transformed and that we need to think about non-state forms of warfare, but living in the U.S. is different because people in the U.S. now believe that the world isn't out there, it's here as well. That is what creates opportunities for us, but also responsibility in the sense that there is so much uncertainty breeding fear-the underlying set of emotions that exist in the country at the moment.

We need to do something about that. What should international studies do about it? If you follow what has been going on with the Department of Education, I think that mirrors what one would expect to be a relatively narrow-minded and shortsighted response, which is to say that we are investing in studying Afghanistan and terrorism. It is obvious that that is where the political will would be today, but I think the challenge for all of us is to convince foundations and private donors (who should be easier to convince than the federal government) that one really should think about 9/11 much more broadly. That is to say that it is not the case that we should just turn back the clock. We had a Cold War, now we have a new war, and the paradigm that we had for understanding that (area studies) is not the way to go ahead. I firmly believe that the thematic move that was made in international studies was the right move, and it is still the right move in the post-911 world. How could I justify that in this current context? It's pretty obvious-let's say that one believes that the attacks were largely Muslim/Arab-inspired. The answer is not to simply study Afghanistan or Saudi Arabia, because everybody knows this is a global network.

We thought that epoch 2 was going to do away with culture. But that is wrong. What has happened is that far-flung groups have much stronger senses of identity and bonds, because information technology has enabled them to do that, which is really a globalization move at a cultural level. We are not seeing a "McWorld", we are seeing a reaction against McWorld, so in the same vein as Ben Barber, this really is "McWorld provoking jihad".

So I think that the way to go with international studies is to take advantage of the kind of environment we are in to make ourselves much more relevant, but to do it in a really broad-minded way. It is not a bad idea for us to know more about Afghanistan, but to invest all of the country's energy into learning about Afghanistan strikes me as being an unbelievably narrow-minded and shortsighted way to respond. Therefore, in this given case, where there is a much bigger patent basis of interesting things international, we have the pedestal and what we have to do is convince people to think very broadly about how to understand the world where 9/11 is not the totality of the world, it is just a very important instantiation of the world we're living in.

Haro: Thanked Vice Provost Garrett for meeting with the Steering Committee and his presentation. Haro moved to introduce Vice Chancellor - Institutional Relations, Emeritus, Dr. Elwin Svenson.

Introductory comments by Carlos Manuel Haro

The year 2002 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONSORTIUM ON INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - SOCCIS, and we will commemorate the date as part of the meeting. I also refer you to a tribute submitted by Dr. Maurice Harari commemorating the thirtieth year of SOCCIS.

SOCCIS has been around for longer than most of us think, the consortium was created in 1972, but before that there were a series of activities and networking initiatives that were sponsored by educators from several postsecondary institutions in the region. One of the visionaries and a key player in the establishment of SOCCIS was Vice Chancellor Svenson. In 1970, he was Assistant Vice Chancellor to Chancellor Charles E. Young and had an administrative role at UCLA with a focus on international studies. You can trace SOCCIS and the ISOP of today back to Vice Chancellor Svenson. Although retired, he is still involved with UCLA and is currently consulting at the UCLA Anderson School of Management. It is a pleasure for me to have Vice Chancellor Svenson here.

Dr. Elwin Svenson, Vice Chancellor of Institutional Relations, Emeritus, shared his experience regarding the establishment of SOCCIS in 1972.

Historical Context, the Establishment of Southern California Consortium for International Studies - SOCCIS and Highlights of the last 30 years

1960 - The California Master Plan on Higher Education was adopted and it consolidated public higher education in the state. The Plan defines the boundaries between the three systems of public higher education in the state and established areas of responsibility and authority. The plan also provided rules and regulations for the systems to negotiate with each another. As a young administrator, Charles E. Young was on the staff of University of California drafting documents related to the Master Plan.

1960's-Franklin Murphy was appointed Chancellor at UCLA and participated in the creation of an international Latin American consortium consisting of U.S. universities and Latin American presidents and directors.

In 1960's the University of California system determined that area studies had to evolve and that there were regions of the world other than Europe that had to be studied. Due to the lack of sufficient resources, different regions of the world were assigned to UC Berkeley and to UCLA. UCLA created centers for Russian-European studies, Africa, Latin America, and Middle East.

1961- The Peace Corps started and many institutions were involved in training for 5 or 6 years. UCLA was one of the institutions contracted to provide training; about 10 percent of all Peace Corps volunteers serving overseas were trained locally at UCLA.

1965- UCLA reorganized its administrative structure to encourage the development of area studies centers, to have them assume more responsibility, and to branch out. From 1965-1970 UCLA was maturing and the University of California recognized that academic research required collaboration. UC Berkeley and UCLA joined in various programs and projects. In Southern California, Cal Tech and USC also began to collaborate with UCLA in various areas, external relations (the political arena), funding, joint projects (a library exchange program was established), etc.

1970 - The ten-year review of the California Master Plan. This review was the precursor to the establishment of SOCCIS. The Plan indicated a need for interaction and cooperation between the three systems of higher education in the state.

1970- Professor David Wilson was named chair of the UCLA Committee on International and Comparative Studies (CICS) and participated in the review of the California Master Plan for Higher Education. It was also acknowledged that the three tiers of public education needed to cooperate with private institutions in the state.

1971- Professor David Wilson organized a conference of a group of representatives from Southern California universities to confer on the status of international studies. The first meeting was held on August of 1971. One goal set for the conference meeting was to discover what interest, if any, there was at various campuses in organizing the international education community and exchanging information on international studies. A second goal was to determine appropriate and acceptable methods of institutional cooperation to support international studies in the region. It was clear that different institutions emphasized different aspects of international education and that each institution had different programmatic concerns. Institutions could be concerned with one or more general areas such as: study abroad, undergraduate international curriculum and instruction, advanced language training, courses for languages not commonly taught, graduate student training, faculty research, international/foreign students, teacher training, and professional school programs.

The 1971 conference brought the various institutions, with their diverse interests, together and it produced a written document stating common aspirations and identified a course of action to obtain those aspirations. They created four study groups to deal with various issues of concern to the international education community, concentrating on traditional international study topics of : 1) foreign languages, 2) curriculum and teaching, 3) research, and 4) public service. Finally, they created a non-profit association whose primary purpose was to further international studies in higher education. The general policy direction of the association was provided by a steering committee that included representatives from each member in the association. Management of the consortium was provided by an executive officer, housed at UCLA. The first Steering Committee included representatives from USC, CSULA, California State Universities and Colleges, UC Study Abroad Programs, Occidental College, Claremont Graduate School, and UCLA.

The SOCCIS annual report of 1972 notes communication between the consortium and the State of California's Coordinating Council for Higher Education and the Master Plan Revision Committee. The Revision Committee reported on the establishment of SOCCIS as a structure that allowed for interaction and cooperation between the systems of higher education. The consortium began implementing various initiatives: a study abroad program (in Lima, Peru, co-sponsored by Indiana University, CSU and UC EAP), a process for sharing foreign language and literature courses, a small film collection for instructional use, and support for faculty activities in various areas (through the working committees that sponsored seminars and colloquium series).

1974- Working/program committees established through SOCCIS drew faculty and staff representatives from various member institutions. The committees included Latin American studies, East Asian studies, South Asian studies, and working groups to deal with topics such as international business studies and research, the international dimension of undergraduate education, international relations study and research, international dimension of schools of education and teacher training, foreign language cooperation, European and Soviet studies, international undergraduate education, and international/foreign students at SOCCIS member institution.

Prior to the establishment of formal centers on East Asian, Southeast Asian, and South Asian studies, SOCCIS had working committees in these areas that brought together interested faculty. These SOCCIS activities were precursors to federally funded centers on East Asia in the late 1970s and on Southeast Asia in the 1990s. South Asian studies continues as a focus of a SOCCIS working group and draws together faculty who teach and conduct research on the area.

1975- During the mid-1970's, the key concept of the consortium was established: campus representatives from the various public systems and the private institutions worked together and consortium members applied their own institutional resources into the consortium. Professor James S. Coleman assumed the head of the UCLA Council on International and Comparative Studies (CICS) and was instrumental in leading the consortium from the late-1970s until his death in 1985. Coleman placed great value in working with colleagues from other institutions and fostering cooperation through the consortium. SOCCIS member institutions not only contributed faculty and staff time to the consortium (to the steering committee and to working groups), but each institution contributed funding (dues contributions) that was used for programs. Collaborative efforts included USC and UCLA preparation of a joint proposal for funding of an East Asian Studies Center. Additionally, different members of the consortium provided the administrative structure to support the SOCCIS working committees. For example, the SOCCIS Latin American Seminar was supported by the Latin American Center (UCLA); the SOCCIS East Asian studies colloquium was supported by the East Asian Center (USC); the SOCCIS international business effort was supported by the business program at CSU Northridge; work on international dimensions of undergraduate curriculum by USC, UCLA, Pepperdine, CSU Northridge, and CSU Long Beach; SOCCIS European studies by USC, UCLA, CSU Long Beach, and CSU Northridge; SOCCIS South Asian studies by Loyola Marymount and UCLA.

At the start of the consortium in the 1970s, the SOCCIS administration included the Steering Committee, composed of representatives from seven member institutions, various "working" or standing committees established by the Steering Committee, and the SOCCIS Executive Officer. The association dues started with a contribution of $100.00 from each member, it was raised to $250.00, and, finally, to $500.00 in the early 1980s.

1976-1977 - Through cooperation with the UCLA African Studies Center, the consortium established a one-year research program for faculty from SOCCIS member institutions. Faculty selected from CSU campuses were provided with a program to conduct research under the supervision of a UCLA senior faculty. This program was revised to a two year period and it offered campuses in SOCCIS a mechanism by which to develop their faculty and strengthen an international studies area.

1980-1989 - SOCCIS institutional membership ranged from 11 universities and colleges and reached a high of 22 members.

In closing, Vice Chancellor Svenson, reflected that SOCCIS as an organization capitalized on an environment in the state that prompted collaboration among higher education institutions and fostered collegiality. The organizational initiative of a handful of institutions in 1971 allowed for the creation of a structure that gave international education administrators and international and area studies faculty freedom to work together. Although individual institutions had different international education priorities and concerns, they had a common interest in promoting international education through cooperation and sharing. It is the continuing involvement and contributions of administrators and faculty that makes SOCCIS work.

Carlos Haro: One of the important ways that SOCCIS contributes to international studies is by helping to institutionalize certain programs and functions. From the outset, SOCCIS had committees established in specific areas, for example in East Asian studies. SOCCIS' activity in that area was valuable in laying the groundwork for USC and UCLA to create the East Asian studies center and secure funding through the Department of Education, Title VI. The joint-center on East Asian studies is now part of both institutions and has been functioning since 1976.

We have relied on SOCCIS to promote and implement programs that contribute to international education in various ways. Vice Chancellor Svenson referred to one other consortium program that impacted another area of international studies: faculty development in African studies. The consortium brought selected faculty from the CSU campuses to conduct research on African studies at UCLA and to be mentored by senior faculty. That was a successful model for faculty development and one that can be replicated in other international areas studies once again. We have a continuing scholars program: the present model primarily trains high school teachers and community college instructors. The SOCCIS teacher training activity of the 1970s evolved into an institutionalized program that Jonathan Friedlander has implemented over a period of many years and that involves faculty from several SOCCIS institutions and various Title VI centers.

The consortium functions as a vehicle for international studies initiatives that have the support of several campuses and provides a network, along with modest but needed support. Ultimately, the goal of the consortium has been to have viable programs institutionalized at one or more of our consortium campuses. That has been a major SOCCIS accomplishment and a valuable contribution to international studies in the region.

Question to Vice Chancellor Svenson: If this is another epoch, after September 11th, does that mean something for SOCCIS? Does it affect how we function, how we interact? We are a group of individuals at institutions that are concerned with the real world, but does the new epoch that Vice Provost Garrett spoke of affect us?

Svenson: Yes, what that means is we follow a structure, create a small committee, and have the group focus on that question. The SOCCIS structure is proven and successful; it brings you together, with your diverse views and interests, and you have the opportunity to reflect upon questions like those that confront us now, such as, what should SOCCIS do in response to September 11th?.

Carlos Haro: One of my responsibilities is to assure that international studies resources at various campuses are shared and utilized across the region. Resource centers at UCLA and other institutions can be linked to the consortium in various ways that can be mutually beneficial. National resource centers are not programs that dwell within the institutions, but they are supposed to reach out and interact with other universities within the Southern California area. Consequently we have a number of activities that SOCCIS co-sponsors with these centers and the announcements and Emails that I send through the SOCCIS communications network reflect this cooperation. Thus far we have had good results in our interaction with the centers. SOCCIS continues its linkage with the USC-UCLA Joint Center on East Asia, created in the mid '70s. In addition, the consortium co-sponsors events and programs in conjunction with the European and Russian Studies Center, the Burkle Center for International Relations, and the Southeast Asian Studies Center.

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Retrospective on SOCCIS, 1972-2002: Reports by Chairs and Coordinators of Various Consortium Committees and Working Groups

Southern California Seminar on South Asia
Professor Christopher Key Chapple
Loyola Marymount University

In the spring of 1986, a group of scholars began meeting to share research on topics pertaining to the study of South Asia. The group was convened through the national mailing lists of the Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy and the registry of professors teaching Asian religions published by Chapel House of Colgate. Soon, as word of the group spread, the list expanded to include Southern California scholars from other disciplines. Initially, over 75 people expressed interest in being informed of the group's activities; since then, the list has grown dramatically.

The original name taken by the group was the Southern California Seminar for South Asian Thought, Religion, and Culture. Its nickname is Moksa (Sanskrit for "liberation"), suggested by Ninian Smart of UC Santa Barbara as an acronym for "Meetings on Knowledge about South Asia." In light of the growing interest in the group on the part of historians and others, and for the sake of brevity, the name, "Southern California Seminar on South Asia," was proposed and implemented in 1989.

From the beginning, the hallmark of the Seminar has been its diversity. South Asia remains one of the most culturally rich regions on the planet. Due to the plethora of material regarding religion, philosophy, history, etc. there exists a distinct danger of exclusive overspecialization. The Seminar, as a SOCCIS standing committee, has focused on exploring the breadth of our region in an attempt to create an encompassing, dynamic forum on the subject of South Asia.

During the first year of the seminar, eight individual papers were delivered at six different campuses in the region: "Gurus, Graves, and Rice" by Glenn Yocum of Whittier College at LMU; "Matrikas and Mothers: Birth, Death, and Liberation by Katherine Harper of LMU at UCLA; "The Persistence of Religion" by Kees Bolle of UCLA at Whittier; "Bharata Natyam by Medha Yodh of UCLA at LMU; "Bhil Holi Melas" by Katharine Free at CSUN; "The Idea of Reincarnation" by Joseph Prabhu of CSULA at Mt. St. Mary's College; "The Question of Detachment" by Hope Fitz of Mt. St. Mary's at CLULB; "The Significance of Rivers" by Anne Feldhaus at LMU. These events took place on a monthly basis from March 1986 to May 1987.

Additionally, the seminar cooperated with as ASEAN conference held May 5th and 6th, 1987, at CSULB. Professor Gertrude Robinson of Loyola Marymount University did a presentation of "Indonesian Music and Shadow Puppets" while Professor Robert Brown of UCLA focused "On Buddhist Art in Thailand". At the same conference Professor Joseph Prabhu of CSU Los Angeles tackled the topic of "Models for Modernization and Westernization in Southeast Asia" and Dr. Ivan Strenski of the Journal of Religion spoke about "Buddhism and the Custom of Gift Giving".

The following academic year, the Seminar sponsored its first academic conference titled "The Mahabharata: Interpretation and Performance." This was held on October 4, 1987, at UCLA, in conjunction with the Peter Brook production of the Mahabharata which occurred that fall at Raleigh Studios. The following papers were presented: "The Geopolitical Context of the Mahabharata Epic" by Siva Bajpai, CSUN; "Vyasa: The Epic Author" by Bruce Sullivan, Northern Arizona University; "Attending South India Folk Dramas of the Mahabharata" by Alf Hiltebeitel of George Washington University; "Peter Brook and the Modern Theatre Experiment" by Katharine Free of LMU; "The Mahabharata and American Letters: Do We Have Room for It?" by James Fitzgerald of the University of Tennessee; "Violence and Nonviolence: An End to All Wars?" by Christopher Chapple, LMU.

In the spring of 1988, three individual papers were presented: "Buddhism and Political Legitimation in Sri Lanka: The Role of the Temple of the Tooth in Kandy" by Paul Hanson of Cal Lutheran University at Cal State San Bernardino; "The Significance of Art from Bodhgaya" by Janice Leoshko of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art at LMU; "Sylvain Levi, the Durkheimians, and the Study of Ritual" by Ivan Strenski at Whittier College.

In the fall of 1988, Carl Ernst of Pomona College presented "How to Listen to Sufi Qawwali Music: Advice from the Early Chisthi Master at LMU; David Smith of the University of Lancaster, England, presented "South Indian Painting: The Dance of Siva at Cidambaram" at UCLA; Srinivasa Chari presented "Vaishnavism as Religion and Philosophy" at CSUN.

The Seminar sponsored its second conference on October 21, 1989 at Long Beach, titled "The Roots of Tantra." The conference included the following presentations: Thomas McEvilley of Rice University on "The Roots of Yoga;" Katherine Harper of LMU on "Early Tantric Art;" M.C. Joshi of the Archaeological Survey of India on "Historical and Iconographic Aspects of Sakta Tantras;" Richard Payne of U.C. Berkeley on "Tongues of Flame: Identification in the Fire Ritual;" Kees Boole of UCLA on "Understanding Ritual;" and Paul Muller-Ortega of Michigan State University on "The Kashmiri Roots of Tantra." This conference was followed up with a second gathering listed later and has resulted in the publication of a book by State University of New York Press, Roots of Tantra, co-edited by Katherine Harper and Robert Brown.

Six other papers were presented individually within the South Asia seminar during the 1989-90 academic year: K.M. Rao of New College, Madras, on "Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of the Concept of Karma" at Whittier; A.J. Gail, Free University of Berlin, on "Images of Nepal: Iconographic Questions Regarding Buddhist and Hindu Art in the Kathmandu Valley at UCLA; Christopher Chapple, LMU, "The Fast Unto Death in Jaina Tradition" at Pomona College; Frank Clooney, Boston College "Translating the Good: Robert deNobili's Use of the Moral Argument in his Tamil Treatises" at LMU; Joseph Prabhu of CSULA, "DeNobili, Indian Christian Theology, and Jesuit Education in India" at LMU; and Siva Bajpai, "Raja Mandala: Perspectives on Power in Classical India" at CSULB.

During the 1990-91 academic year, the Seminar sponsored one small conference and two additional paper presentations. The conference, on various approaches to the study of the Yoga tradition, was held at USC and included the following: Lloyd Pflueger of UCSB on "Stitches out of Time: Approaching the Yogasutras as Sutras;" Carl Ernst of Pomona College on "The Amritakunda: An Arabic Yoga Treatise;" Christopher Chapple of LMU on "Sequences of Sutras: Reading Patanjali without Vyasa;" and Bhagavan Singh of UNLV on "The Significance of Samapatti in the Samadhi Pada." The two papers were Brian K. Smith of UC Riverside on "How Not to Be a Hindu: The Legal Case of the Ramakrishna Mission" at UCLA; and Glenn Yocum of Whittier College on "Gurus, Brahmins, and Politicians in Contemporary India: The Pattabhiseka (Cornonation) of the Sankaracarya of Sringeri, October 1989" at UC Riverside.

During the 1991-92 academic year, the Seminar arranged the following talks: Gail Hinich Sutherland of Louisiana State University on "Surrogate Fathers and Reluctant Mothers: The Practice of Niyoga in the Mahabharata" in Wrightwood; Peter Sutherland of Oxford University on "The Travelling Gods of the Western Himalayas: The Ritual Construction of Politics in a Former Princely State" at UCLA; nazir Ali Jairazbhoy and Amy Catlin of UCLA on "The Bake Restudy, 1984: South Indian Performances" at LMU; Richard Eaton of University of Arizona on "Exploring Islamic Culture on the India Frontier: The Case of Bengal" at Pomona College; K. Satchidanand Murty of Andhra University on "Vedic Hermeneutics" at UCLA.

Activities during the 1992-93 academic year included: Steward Gordon on "Ecological Change and Social Migration in the Deccan during the 17th Century" at LMU; Parul Shah of Maharaja Syajirao University in Baroda on "Bharata Natyam" at LMU; Douglas Renfrew Brooks of the University of Rochester on "The Definition and Origins of Tantra in India" at UCLA; Lina Gupta of Glendale College on "Ganga: Purity and Pollution" at LMU; Yajneshwar Shastri of Gujarat University on "The Place of Suicide in Indian Religion and Culture, LMU. The Seminar also participated in the planning and in various presentations at the East Meets West Conference organized by Srinivas Murthy of CSULB.

The Seminar mounted a major art exhibition during the 1993-94 academic year on "Symbolic Heat: Gender, Health, and Worship among the Tamils of South India and Sri Lanka" at Laband Art Gallery, LMU. Dennis McGilvray of the University of Colorado in Boulder, presented an illustrated lecture titled "Heat, Health, and Gender in Tamil Culture" in conjunction with the exhibit. Additionally, Ginni Ishimatsu of Whittier College, presented "Written and Oral Dimensions of Scripture in Hindu Temple Worship" at UCLA, and the Doshi Family helped sponsor the following lecture series at LMU: Lina Gupta, Glendale College: "Women and the Goddess in Hinduism;" Christopher Chapple on "Principles and Practices of Yoga;" Sunanda Shastri of Gujarat University on "Hinduism and Ecology;" Katherine Harper of LMU on "The Kailasananta Temple at Kanchipuram" and Yajneshwar Shastri of Gujarat University on "Vedanta and Science."

During the 1994-95 academic year, the South Asia Seminar sponsored a follow-up meeting on Roots of Tantra at UCLA and held the Doshi Lecture Series again at LMU. The Tantra conference included papers by David Lorenzen of the University of Mexico on "Early Evidence for Tantric Ritual," Lina Gupta of Glendale College on "Tantric Rituals in the Devi Purana" and Douglas Renfrew Brooks of the University of Rochester on "Auspicious Fragments and Uncertain Wisdom: The Roots of Srividya Sakta in South India." The lecture series included "Vedic Ritual and Mimamsa Philosophy" by Purusottama Bilimoria of Deakin University; "The Jaina Yogas of Haribhadra" by Christopher Chapple, "Gender, Religion, and State in South Asia" by Renuka Sharma of Monash University; and "The Seven Goddess Tradition" by Katherine Harper of LMU.

In the spring of 1996, Carol Prorok of Slippery Rock University presented "Hindu Temples and Ethnic Identity" at LMU. Additionally, the Seminar sponsored a conference on Religion and Environment in South Asia at the University of San Diego. The following papers were presented: "Traditionalist and Renouncer Models: Toward an Indigenous Indian Environmentalism" by Christopher Chapple; "Attitudes toward Nature in the Early Upanisads" by Arvind Sharma of McGill University; "Attitudes to Nature in Hindu and Buddhist Art" by Robert Brown of UCLA; "Women and the Social Construction of Bhu-devi, the Earth Goddess, in Tamil Nadu by Vijaya Nagarajan, UC Berkeley; "Nonviolence, Nondualism, and Ecological Ethics in South Asia" by J.G. Arapura of McMaster University; "A Few Doubts: How Ecological is Religion in South Asia" by Lance Nelson, USD, the conference organizer; and a response by P.S. Jaini of UC Berkeley. The conference resulted in the publication of a book title Purifying the Earthly Body of God, edited by Lance Nelson, State University of New York Press, 1998.

The following academic year, the seminar welcome recently-hired South Asianists from around Southern California to present their research at UCLA. The talks included: "Indra Devi and the Lila of Mirabai: A Tale of Oral Tradition in Transformation" by Nancy Martin of Chapman University; "Social and Cultural Politics of Fasting in India: by Vinay Lal of UCLA; "Stability in South Asia" by Ashley Tellis of the Rand Institute; and "The World of the Siddhas" by David Gordon White of UCSB. The seminar also sponsored an international seminar on the Yoga Tradition, which included the following papers: "Samkhya and the Yoga Tradition" by Bhagavan Singh of UNLV; "Tension between Vyutthana and Nirodha in the Yoga Sutras" by T.S. Rukmani of Concordia University; "Implications for Embodied Freedom in Patanjali;s Yoga" by Ian Whicher, Cambridge University; "Purity and Diversity in the Yoga Traditions of Patanjali and Haribhadra" by Christopher Chapple; "Yoga in Early Hindu Tantra" by David Gordon White, UCSB; "Metaphoric Worlds and Yoga in the Vaisnava Sahajiya Tantric Traditions of Medieval Bengal" by Glen Alexander Hayes, Bloomfield College, and "Reflections and Reponse" by Georg Feuerstein, Yoga Research Center. Frank Clooney of Boston College presented a single paper later in 1997 on "When Rama Worshipped Shiva and Why It Bothered at 17th Century Jesuit Missionary at LACMA.

The Seminar sponsored a second major art exhibition in January and February of 1998: "Divine Carriers: New Art from India and Nepal," curated by Jane Brucker, Katherine Harper, and Debashish Banegree at Laband Gallery. It included a conference on the arts of contemporary South Asia where the following papers were presented: "National Identity and Modernism in Contemporary Indian Art" by Debashish Banerjee, UCLA; "From the Outside Looking In: Form and Meaning in Neo-Tantric Art" by Katherine Harper, LMU; "Journey to Mt. Meru: New Art Holding the Earth Together" by Jane Brucker, LMU; "The Impact of Indian Art and Thought on 20th Century Western Art by Peg De La Mater, Winthrop University; "Vaishnava Devotion in the Music of Contemporary India by Meilu Ho, UCSD; and "Independent Documentary Films in Contemporary India by Beheroze Shroff, UC Irvine, who also showed her film "A Life After Death."

In the spring of 1999, the Seminar on South Asia, in conjunction with the Infinity Foundation, sponsored an International Conference on the Yogavasistha. This two day conference included the following presentations: "Studying the Yogavasistha: Space, Consciousness, and Realities," Arindam Chakrabarti, University of Hawaii; "On the Interrelationship of Knowledge, Dispassion, and Living Liberation in the Moskshopaya" by Walter Slaje, Martin Luther University, Germany; "Living Liberation in the Yogavasistha" by Andrew Fort, Texas Christian University; "The Role of the Guru in the Yogavasistha" by Lina Gupta, Glendale College; "The Existence of Many Worlds in the Yogavasistha" by Garth Bregman, University of Hawaii; "Radical Transformation in the Yogavasistha: A Phenomenological Interpretation" by Matthew MacKenzie, Universityof Hawaii; "Interiority and the Elements in the Yogavasistha," Christopher Chapple, LMU; "Tradition and Authority: Vedantic and Buddhist Ideas in the Yogavasistha," Gary Tubb, Columbia University; "Citta, Cittakasha, and Jiva in the Original Yogavasistha" by Bruno Lo Turco, University of Rome. These papers are being edited by Professors Chakrabarti and Chapple for publication.

In the fall of 1999, the seminar co-sponsored a dialogue on Women and Spirituality, which included the following papers pertaining to Indian tradition: "Women's Spirituality in Hindu Tradition," Saradeshaprana, Vedanta Society of Southern California; "Images and Reflections in Lalla's Verses" by Jaishree Kak Odin, University of Hawaii; "Mother-Child and Mortality: The Paradox of Kali" by Vrinda Dalmiya, University of Hawaii.

In the fall of 2000, the seminar presented a one-day conference on Yoga Traditions at UCLA that included Ian Whicher of the University of Saskatchewan on "Classical Yoga of Patanjali," Christopher Chapple on "Images of the Feminine in Classical Yoga: Examples from Patanjali and Haribhadra," John Casey of LMU on "Buddhism and Yoga," Olle Quarstrom of Lund University on "Jainism and Yoga," and Vidyasankar Sundaresam of California Institute of Technology on "Vedanta and Yoga." The seminar again co-sponsored a dialogue, this time of the topic of Social Service. India-related speakers included Ashok Malhotra of the State University of New York, Oneonta; Swami Asaktananda of Ramakrishna Mission, Narendrapur; Swami Agnivesh of Religions for Social Justice; and Kiran Bedi, Joint Commisioner of Delhi Police. In the spring of 2001, the seminar hosted three scholars for a presentation of recent research: "Sita in the Kitchen: Pativrata and Ramrajya" by Phyllis Herman of CSUN; "The Poison in the Gift Revisited" by Maria Hibbets of CSULB; and "Divine Madness in Kashmir Saiva Texts and Traditions" by Marcy Braverman of UCSB. This event was held at UCLA.

During the current academic year, two major events have been planned. The first will be participation in a dialogue on spiritual practice at LMU. Professors S.N. and Meena Sridhar, of the Center for India Studies and Department of Linguistics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook will be featured along with Swami Sarvadevanda to represent the Hindu tradition. Additionally, a major international conference will be held at Cal Poly Pomona on "Lessons of Ahimsa and Anekanta for Contemporary Life." This event will include the following presentations: "Mahavira and Reverential Ecology" by Satish Kumar, Schumacher College; "Ahimsa and Nonviolence: A Comparison of Religious and Cultural Values" by John Cort, Dennison College; "Ahimsa and Compassion" by Kristi Wiley, UC Bekeley; "Nonviolence and Terrorism" by Kim Skoog, U Guam; "The Ontolotical and Epistemological Significance of Anekantavada" by John Koller, Rensselaer Polytechnic Insitute; "Multidimensional Significance of Anekanta in Social Life," Kamla Jain, College of Jesus and Mary, Delhi University; "Beyond Anekantavada: A Jain Perspective on Tolerance," Paul Dundas, University of Edinburgh; "Exemplars of Anekanta and Ahimsa: The Case of Early Jains of Mathura in Art and Epigraphy," Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, UC Irvine; "Religious Dissonance and Reconciliation: The Haribhadra Story," Christopher Chapple; "Anekant, Ahimsa, and the Question of Pluralism," Anne Vallely, McGill University; "Response," P.S. Jaini, UC Berkeley.

The Seminar has presented a variety of activities ranging from dance performances to art exhibits to scholarly seminars and conferences. Two books have resulted from the seminar's activities (The Roots of Tantra and Purifying the Earthly Body of God: Religion and Ecology in Hindu India), and two more are in the process of being published. The Southern California Seminar on South Asia has benefited immensely from SOCCIS support since its inception and looks forward to continuing its work on behalf of the study of South Asia in Southern California.

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Internationalizing the Curriculum
Dr. Joyce Kaufman
Director
Scholars Program
Whittier College

As the Southern California Consortium for International Studies, SOCCIS has at its core a commitment to internationalizing across the curriculum. Unlike may other SOCCIS committees, which deal primarily with area studies (e.g., Latin American Studies, South Asia, China, etc.), the Internationalizing the Curriculum Committee deals specifically with ways in which an international perspective can be infused across the curriculum. From the time that SOCCIS was created in 1973, this component was central to the mission of the organization. The Proceedings of the Second Annual Meeting SOCCIS, in January 1973, cites as among the recommendations the need to focus on "the undergraduate dimension of international studies," including using SOCCIS as a "clearinghouse" for information pertaining to the implementation of various aspects of international programs in the member institutions. Included among these were ways in which to expand the international focus, including even finding ways to introduce an international perspective into "non-traditional" areas, such as the sciences. (P. 2) It was from that thinking that the Internationalizing the Curriculum Committee evolved.

By 1975, SOCCIS programs included "International Dimensions of Undergraduate Education, International Business Studies, and International Dimensions of the Schools of Education," in addition to area studies. A special task force was created to identify "the resources necessary to bring about significant improvement in the internationalization of undergraduate studies...." (Emphasis added) (SOCCIS Newsletter, Vol. 11, No. 2, October 1, 1975, p.3) According to the archives, the emphasis then was on three primary areas: 1) "the internationalization of breadth requirements"; 2) "the role of international, foreign and comparative studies in the extended university"; and 3) "international studies in pre-career or pre-professional training." (Ibid)

At that time, many colleges and universities were rethinking their curricular offerings, including ways to broaden students' exposure to the world around them. What is striking about the approach taken here was the ways in which SOCCIS focused not only on the traditional components of the curriculum, that is, those areas in which international perspectives would be apparent, but its desire to move into the non-traditional areas, such as the extended university, pre-professional training and the sciences.

In the period since that beginning point, those of us who have been associated with the Internationalizing the Curriculum Committee have taken these perspectives as a given. As the world and education have continued to evolve, we have tried to do so as well by incorporating broader perspectives into our work. Hence, the increasing use of technology across the curriculum became the focus of a series of workshops on ways to use technology to internationalize the curriculum. Consistent with the desire to infuse an international perspective across disciplines and into pre-professional programs and careers, the Committee participated in workshops for secondary school teachers, and highlighted institutions in which an international focus was a part of such programs. And the Committee took seriously its charge to become a "clearinghouse" for information from member institutions by holding an ongoing series of workshops that allowed SOCCIS member institutions to highlight and share what they were doing.

In short, the Internationalizing the Curriculum Committee has become central to the mission of SOCCIS and has helped disseminate information about the importance of international studies (broadly defined) across the area.

Internationalizing the Curriculum: History and Sample Programs
In many ways, the work of this Committee reflected both the emphasis of the people who were on it, as well as changing trends in education. This becomes especially clear when charting the course of the Committee and the programs in which it was involved.

By 1978-1979, the Interdisciplinary International Theory Group emerged as one of the central SOCCIS programs. At that time, the group held informal seminars to bring together scholars from various colleges and university specifically for discussion about interdisciplinary approaches to and questions about some of the basic paradigms in the humanities and social sciences. The records indicated that this group continued to meet for these discussions for a number of years. Concomitant with that, the membership of SOCCIS continued to grow, bringing with it new participants and ideas.

By 1984, SOCCIS established a standing committee "to promote the internationalization of the curriculum with particular emphasis on the postsecondary level." (SOCCIS Annual Report, July 1,1983 to June 30, 1984, p. 22) Under the energetic and able leadership of Maurice Harari, Dean of the Center for International Education at California State University, Long Beach, the Committee grew and became more active in its task. In its first year, the Committee sponsored programs and guest lectures, including co-sponsoring a conference with the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU), which was held April 5-7, 1984. The list of speakers is impressive, and included Ann Reynolds, then-Chancellor of the California State University System, Congressman Stephen Horn (R-Long Beach), and various college presidents, provosts and deans. The topics were timely and relevant, including panels on "International Content and Experience: The Student View," "The U.S. Must Compete in the World Market," and "Preparing the Professional," all of which would be as timely today as they were then.

Over the next few years, while building on the work of that initial conference, the committee moved to holding smaller workshops and forums to continue the discussion of the issues raised earlier. Continuing themes were the role of higher education in preparing students for a changing world, the role of international and interdisciplinary studies, and ways to infuse international perspectives across the curriculum. At the same time, the Committee continued its earlier commitment to working with and educating high school teachers by participating actively in institutes that would contribute to "a heightened awareness and understanding of the international setting...." (SOCCIS Annual Report, July 1,1984 to June 30, 1985, p. 18) The Committee also continued its policy of beginning each meeting with a discussion of what was going on at each member campus as a way of disseminating information. In addition to continuing these activities, by 1986-1987, the Committee had also started to compile an International Studies Data Base for the Southern California area. These activities continued into the early 1990's.

In April 1991, the Internationalizing the Curriculum Committee again held a major workshop at entitled "On Ethnic and International Studies: A Dialogue of Agendas." This workshop brought together more than 25 speakers from ten institutions to explore ways in which these fields converged. Each speaker and session was built around a series of questions such as what are the current trends in ethnic studies? In international studies? What are the areas of convergence and divergence, and what are the implications for undergraduate teaching and research? Representatives from SOCCIS members offered case studies from their own institutions, and those became the basis for the discussion throughout the day. The conference was organized by then-Chair Laurien Alexandre, who edited the papers that were then published under the auspices of the Center for International Programs at California State University, Long Beach.

By the mid-1990s, the emphasis of the Committee started to shift once again to reflect emerging trends in higher education. To capture that, in 1995 and 1996 the Committee held a series of workshops, one at Loyola Marymount University and one at California State University, Fullerton, focusing on the use of technology to internationalize the curriculum. Each of these workshops highlighted different approaches to integrating technology in a meaningful way in support of internationalizing the curriculum. Presenters from SOCCIS institutions discussed programs that they had implemented successfully on their own campuses, as a way to begin a broader discussion. (NOTE: Partial funding for these workshops came from the SOCCIS Conference grants program). These presentations were augmented by other speakers, including Dr. Richard Sutter, Director, California State University System International Programs, who opened one of the workshop with his keynote address, "What Does it Mean to Internationalize the Curriculum?" Another speaker included Mary Ellen House, Education Editor for Online Services at the Los Angeles Times.

Although by this time the make-up of the membership of the Committee had changed considerably, the commitment to its goals and mission remained unchanged. The members of the Committee had been impressed by the success of the one-day workshop approach as a way to share information and facilitate discussion, and so others were planned. In March 1999, the Committee sponsored a workshop at Whittier College entitled "Crossing Boundaries: Internationalizing Across Disciplines, Time and Space," which embodied many of the goals of SOCCIS and the Committee. Dr. Vishnu Bhatia, Special Assistant to the President, Washington State University, made the keynote address. This was followed by two panels, composed of participants from the SOCCIS member institutions, one of which was a response to the address from different disciplinary and institutional perspectives. The second panel, entitled "Application of Ways to Infuse International perspectives in General Education Requirements," allowed participants to highlights ways in which their own institutions had successfully met that challenge.

The Committee held another workshop in March 2000. This one was held at California State University, Los Angeles and touched on another important item regarding internationalizing: "Evaluation and Assessment of Foreign Study Experiences." The keynote speaker for this workshop was Bruce LaBrack, Director of International Studies, University of the Pacific. Three panels were each built around a theme pertaining to international studies: financial implications, recruiting and preparing students for the experience, and returning to campus, and each had a convener who made introductory remarks and led the discussion. As has been the case in the past, the primary goal of this workshop was to bring SOCCIS members together to share their experiences as well as to learn from one another about "best practices" in the field." The response was positive as many of the participants agreed that an open discussion of these issues as important as well as overdue.

Internationalizing: The Future
It is clear from the record that the Internationalizing the Curriculum Committee is one of the oldest of the SOCCIS standing committees and one that lays at the center of the SOCCIS mission. It is also clear that, over the course of the 30 years of SOCCIS, that the Committee has made an important contribution to understanding ways to internationalize by facilitating ongoing dialogue and discussion. In some cases this was done by holding conferences and workshops; in other cases, this was accomplished more informally, using the venue of Committee meetings to share what was happening on member-campuses.

Over the years, it is also clear that the activity level of this Committee has ebbed and flowed, depending on the membership and the commitment to the topic discussed. However, it is also clear that it will continue to remain central to SOCCIS.

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Southern California China Colloquium
Dr. Richard Gunde
Assistant Director
Center for Chinese Studies
UCLA

Established in the 1970s, the Southern California China Colloquium was intended primarily to promote scholarly interchange among professors of Chinese studies throughout Southern California by presenting lectures that would draw an audience from among that constituency. Secondarily, the Colloquium wished to promote outreach: all events were publicly announced, and there was never an admission charge.
For many years, the budget was quite minimal. An attempt was made to present one lecture a month, although from time to time there was an unplanned greater interval between lectures. Whenever possible, the Colloquium took advantage of "targets of opportunity" (that is, it invited scholars who happened to be passing through Los Angeles to present a lecture).
With the establishment of the UCLA Center for Chinese Studies in 1986, the Colloquium grew very substantially and today it is recognized as one of the most active and exciting forums in the U.S. for the presentation of cutting-edge research on China.
The creation of the UCLA China center led to a several-fold increase in the budget of the Colloquium. This made possible an ambitious program of six or more day-long conferences per year, one each month during the regular school year. Typically, four to six papers are presented at each conference. The panelists are drawn from local scholars and from those elsewhere in the country, and occasionally from abroad. Conferences are held on a Saturday, usually at UCLA. By meeting on a Saturday, professors and students from throughout Southern California can more easily attend, as can out-of-town panelists. One should also add: as can out-of-town members of the audience. The audience often includes attendees from northern California, Arizona, Nevada, and even more distant points.
The Colloquium continues its attention to outreach by widely announcing its conferences, and by welcoming all who wish to attend. In addition, the UCLA Center for Chinese Studies, which coordinates the conferences, works closely with various community groups to keep them informed of the activities of the Colloquium. The papers presented at the various conferences are posted on the website of the UCLA Center for Chinese Studies <www.isop.ucla.edu/ccs/ Calendar/calendar.htm>, password protected, with the password given to members of the Colloquium. Others who want access are asked to obtain the permission of the author(s).
The greatest indication of the scholarly impact of the Colloquium is that the majority of its papers end up being published.

SEMINAR COMMITTEE
The agenda for the calendar year is set by a seminar committee drawn from scholars throughout the Southern California area. For this year, the committee consists of:

Eugene Anderson (UC)
Kathryn Bernhardt (UCLA)
Bettine Birge (USC)
Francesca Bray (UCSB)
Robert Buswell (UCLA)
Cameron Campbell (UCLA)
Carolyn Cartier (USC)
Wellington Chan (Occidental)
Lucie Cheng (UCLA)
Lucille Chia (UCR)
Yu-chin Chien (CSULB)
Hung-hsiang Chou (UCLA)
Gene Cooper (USC)
Ron Egan (UCSB)
Benjamin Elman (UCLA)
Mark Elliott (UCSB)
Robert Eng (Redlands U)
Cindy Fan (UCLA)
Joshua Fogel (UCSB)
Michael Fuller (UCI)
Charlotte Furth (USC)
Susan Greenhalgh (UCI)
Keith Griffin (UCR)
John Hawkins UCLA)
Richard Horowitz (CSUN)
Ginger Hsu (UCR)
Kylie Hsu (CSULA)
Hu Ying (UCI)
C.T. James Huang (UCI)
Martin Huang (UCI)
Philip Huang (UCLA)
Ted Huters (UCLA)
Joan Judge (UCSB)
Burglind Jungmann (UCLA)
Hui-shu Lee (UCLA)
James Lee (Caltech)
Nancy Levine (UCLA)
Charles N. Li (UCSB)
Audrey Li (USC)
San-pao Li (CSULB)
Alan Liu (UCSB)
Kathryn Lowry (UCSB)
Mark Lupher (UCLA)
Dan Lynch (USC)
Stephen Ma (CSULA)
Meng Yue (UCI)
Robert Marks (Whittier)
Joshua Muldavin (UCLA)
Kenneth Pomeranz (UCI)
Lisa Raphals (UCR)
Helen Rees (UCLA)
Stanley Rosen (USC)
Arthur Rosenbaum (Claremont)
David Schaberg (UCLA)
Otto Schnepp (USC)
Shu-mei Shih (UCLA)
Dorothy Solinger (UCI)
Richard Strassberg (UCLA)
James Tong (UCLA)
Rudi Volti (Pitzer)
Lothar von Falkenhausen (UCLA)
Richard von Glahn (UCLA)
Jack Wills (USC)
Keith Wilson (LACMA)
Bin Wong (UCI)
Teresa Wright (CSULB)
Yunxiang Yan (UCLA)
Mayfair Yang (UCSB)
Ping Yao (CSULA)
Esther Yau (Occidental)
Pauline Yu (UCLA)
Louise Yuhas (Occidental)

MAILING LIST
The mailing list - both for paper flyers and an Email announcements - consists of over 500 names, including primarily professors of Chinese studies in Southern California, and as well students and members of the public.

CONFERENCE SCHEDULE, 2000-01
For 2000-01, the Southern California China Colloquium presented five day-long conferences and workshops.

Oct. 21, 2000: CHINA AND CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
Stanley Rosen (Political Science USC), "The Wolf at the Door: Hollywood & the Film Market in China from 1994 to 2000"
Yunxiang Yan (Anthropology, UCLA), "Managed Globalization: State Power & Cultural Transition in China"
Barrett L. McCormick (Political Science, Marquette University), "Alternative Media: Assessing the Impact of Satellite TV, Recorded Movies, and the Internet on Chinese Public Discourse"
Eriberto Lozada (Anthropology, Butler University), "Colonizing Cyberspace: Computers, the Internet, and Shanghai Imaginations"

Discussants: Matthew Kohrman (Anthropology, Stanford), Nina Hachigian (Law and Public Policy, Council on Foreign Relations)

Dec 8-9, 2000: WRITING AND VISUALITY IN TRADITIONAL CHINA
Lothar von Falkenhausen (UCLA), "The E Jun Qi Metal Tallies: Inscribed Texts and Ritual Contexts"
Lan-ying Tseng (Univ. of Southern Calif.), "Representation and Appropriation: Rethinking the TLV Mirror in Han China"
Suzanne E. Cahill (UC San Diego), "Continuity and Change: Daoism & the Literati Ideal in Chinese Bronze Mirrors of the Tang Period (618-907 CE)"
Xu Guangji (Institute of Archaeology, CASS), "Probing & Excavation of the Late Northern Dynasties Imperial Tombs at Ci Xian & Their Wall Paintings"
Audrey Spiro (UC San Diego), "Visual Narrative & the Buddhist Conquest of China"
Zhao Yonghong (Institute of Archaeology, CASS), "Open Shafts and Joint Burial: Issues Surrounding the Northern Zhou Period Tomb of Tian Hong"
Burglind Jungmann (UCLA), "Visuality in 15th Century Korea: Prince Anp'yong's Collection and Its Reflection of Chinese Antiquity"
Peter C. Sturman (UC Santa Barbara), "The Meng Jiao Voice in the Exile Calligraphy of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian"
Hui-shu Lee (UCLA), "Women and the Art of Writing in Southern Song China"
Lisa Raphals (UC Riverside), "Contexts for Modularity"
Lothar Ledderose (Univ. of Heidelberg), "China and the West: Competition and Symbiosis of Visual Systems"

Chairs: Richard Vinograd (Stanford Univ.), Albert E. Dien (Stanford Univ.), Louise Yuhas (Occidental College)

Feb. 3, 2001: EXEMPLARY WOMEN IN LATE IMPERIAL TEXTS & CONTEXTS: THE LIENÜ ZHUAN TRADITION FROM YUAN TO LATE QING
Beverly Bossler (University of California, Davis), "Echoes of the 'Songs': Exemplar Poetry in Yuan China"
Katherine Carlitz (University of Pittsburgh), "Mixed Messages in the Zhi buzu zhai Lienü zhuan"
Joan Judge (University of California, Santa Barbara), "Exemplary Women of the Qing Dynasty: Lienü in an Early Twentieth Century Popular Pictorial"
Hu Ying (University of California, Irvine), "Modeling Lives of/for Women: Late Qing Biographies"
Chair: Kathryn Bernhardt (UCLA)
Discussant: Lisa Ralphals (University of California, Riverside)

April 21, 2000: RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA
Mickey Spiegel (Human Rights Watch/Asia), "Religious Policy in China
Richard Madsen (Sociology, UCSD), "Servants of Caesar and Rome: Catholics in China"
Ryan Dunch (History, University of Alberta), "Protestant Churches in China"
Yingnian Wu (Statistics, UCLA), "The Tale of Two Falungongs: Xinhua vs. Minghui"

Roundtable discussion of what is permissible and not permissible in China today in the areas of religious worship, proselytization, training, ordination, church governance, finance, and relations with outside churches. Discussants: Ryan Dunch, Richard Madsen, Mickey Spiegel, and Yingnian Wu
Chairs: James Tong (Political Science, UCLA), Richard Baum (Political Science, UCLA)

June 8-9, 2000: Workshop on MAPPING LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN POST-REFORM CHINA
Richard Baum, UCLA (co-organizer)
Marc Blecher, Oberlin College
Kenneth Foster, UC Berkeley
Kevin O'Brien, UC Berkeley
Benjamin Read, Harvard University
Tony Saich, Harvard University (co-organizer)
Sally Sargeson, Murdoch University (Au)
Alexei Shevchenko, UCLA
Vivienne Shue, Cornell University
Hiroki Takeuchi, UCLA (rapporteur)
Kellee Tsai, Johns Hopkins University
Christine Wong, University of Washington
Yunxiang Yan, UCLA

CONFERENCE SCHEDULE, 2001-01
For 2001-02, the Colloquium has already presented one conference, and has scheduled an

Oct. 20: SPATIALITY AND PRIVACY IN THE CHINESE HOUSE AND HOME
Eugene Anderson (UC Riverside), "Space & Privacy among Chinese Fisherfolk: Variations on Chinese Themes"
Maris Gillette (Haverford College), "Houses & Memory: Case Studies from the Xi'an Muslim District"
Yinxiang Yan (UCLA), "A Room of One's Own: House Remodeling and the Quest for Privacy in a Chinese Village"
Francesca Bray (UC Santa Barbara), "Masculine-Feminine: Domestic Aesthetics & Consumption in the Late Ming"
Charlotte Furth (USC), "Solitude, Silence & Concealment: Boundaries of the Social Body in Ming Dynasty China"

Discussants: Susan Greenhalgh (UC Irvine) and Stevan Harrell (Univ. of Washington)

Nov 10: New Paths to the Study of Women in Chinese History
Susan Mann (UC Davis), "Women's Biography as Family Romance"
Weijing Lu (Mary Washington College), "The Faithful Maiden Cult in the Qing"
Suzanne Cahill (UC San Diego), "Poetry of Tang-Dynasty Nuns"
Ping Yao (Cal State LA), "Women's Life in Tang China"
Patricia Ebrey (Univ. of Washington), "Women of Huizong's Court"

Dec. 8: CHINA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: BREAKING DOWN HISTORIOGRAPHICAL BARRIERS
Titles to be announced
Philip Kuhn (Harvard)
Carl Trocki (Univ. of Brisbane, Australia)
Anthony Reid (UCLA)
Laichen Sun (Cal State Fullerton)
Wang Gungwu (Nat'l Univ. of Singapore)
Charles Wheeler (UCI)

Jan.: CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN YUNNAN STUDIES

February: STATE AND SOCIETY IN TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY CHINA

May 4: BROKERING ART FOR CHINA: THE MISSIONARY LINK

May 25: NEW LIGHT ON THE CULTURE AND ECONOMY OF LATE QING SHANGHAI

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